在月球上盖房子！“月壤砖”来了
<div class="wx_rich_media_content" id="jsWxContainer"><p>我们日常生活中的建筑用砖一般有红砖、青砖以及混凝土砖，但你听说过“月壤砖”吗？<br></p><p><br></p><p data-source="cke">所谓“月壤砖”，是我国科学家模拟月壤成分烧制而成的，拟用于未来建造月球基地。<span style="font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.034em;">再过一段时间，</span><span style="font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.034em;"><strong>这种“月壤砖”就将搭乘“天舟八号”货运飞船飞向中国空间站</strong>，到太空去做暴露实验。</span></p><p data-source="cke"><span style="text-align: center;"><br></span></p><p data-source="cke"><span style="text-align: center;">https://app-image.maidi.me/video/20241020/1729424435474195_983.mp4</span></p><p data-source="cke"><span style="text-align: center;"><br></span></p><section style="margin-bottom: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 18px;"><strong><span style="font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;color: rgb(0, 122, 170);">“月壤砖”跟普通砖有何</span></strong></span><strong style="font-size: 18px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.034em; color: rgb(0, 122, 170);">不同？</span></strong></section><p data-source="cke">据国家数字建造技术创新中心、华中科技大学教授周诚介绍，<span style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;">“月壤砖”<strong style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;">呈榫卯结构，</strong>密度与普通砖块相当，</span><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;">抗压强度却是普通红砖、混凝土砖的三倍以上，</strong><span style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;">相当于每</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;">平方厘米</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;">能承受1吨多</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;">重量。</span></p><p data-source="cke"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;"><br></span></p><p data-source="cke"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;"></span>未来月球基地的建造中，可能采用这样的结构形式进行拼装建造。</p><p data-source="cke"><br></p><p><span class="wxart_image" wx-style="display:inline-block;height: auto;font-family: var(--base-font-family);letter-spacing: 0.578px;text-wrap: wrap;width: 100%;object-fit: fill;display: block;"></span></p><p><span class="wxart_image" wx-style="display:inline-block;height: auto;font-family: var(--base-font-family);letter-spacing: 0.578px;text-wrap: wrap;width: 100%;object-fit: fill;display: block;"><br></span></p><section style="margin-bottom: 24px;"><span style="font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.034em;">“月壤砖”需要经受住怎样的考验，才能肩负起月球盖房子的重任？</span></section><ul class="list-paddingleft-1" style="list-style-type: square;"><li><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px; margin-bottom: 16px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;">月面</span>月昼温度超过180℃，月夜又到-190℃，<span style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;">想要盖房子，</span><strong><span style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;">首先要</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;">接受</span><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;">温度剧烈变化</strong><span style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;">的挑战</span></strong>。</p></li><li><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px; margin-bottom: 16px;">因为没有大气保护，<strong>大量宇宙辐射和许多微陨石会撞击月球表面。</strong></p></li><li><section style="letter-spacing: 0.578px; margin-bottom: 24px;">同时还有震动频率高的<strong>月震</strong>。</section></li></ul><p data-source="cke" style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;">这些都会对月面建筑材料的<strong>力学性能、热学性能和抗辐射性能</strong>提出苛刻要求。</p><p data-source="cke" style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;"><br></p><p data-source="cke" style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;"><span class="wxart_image" wx-style="display:inline-block;font-family: var(--base-font-family);letter-spacing: 0.578px;text-wrap: wrap;width: 100%;object-fit: fill;display: block;height: auto;"></span></p><p data-source="cke" style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;"><span class="wxart_image" wx-style="display:inline-block;font-family: var(--base-font-family);letter-spacing: 0.578px;text-wrap: wrap;width: 100%;object-fit: fill;display: block;height: auto;"><br></span></p><section style="letter-spacing: 0.578px; margin-bottom: 16px;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 122, 170);font-size: 18px;"><strong><span style="letter-spacing: 0.544px;">“月壤砖”为何要去中国空间站？</span></strong></span></section><p data-source="cke" style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;">为了验证<span style="letter-spacing: 0.544px;">“月壤砖”</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.544px;">的性能，</span><strong>近日，“月壤砖”样品要搭乘“天舟八号”货运飞船前往中国空间站。</strong>在完成太空实验后，第一块“月壤砖”预计将于2025年年底返回地球。</p><p data-source="cke" style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;"><br></p><section style="margin-bottom: 24px;"><span style="font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.034em;"></span><span style="font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.034em;">专家告诉记者，“月壤砖”的太空之旅有<strong>三大关键性能</strong>要验证，包括：</span></section><ul class="list-paddingleft-1" style="width: 577.599px; letter-spacing: 0.578px; list-style-type: square;"><li><section style="margin-bottom: 24px;"><strong>“月壤砖”的力学性能</strong><strong>。</strong>太空环境下，样品的力学性能会不会退化十分<span style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;">关键。</span></section></li><li><section style="margin-bottom: 24px;"><strong>“月壤砖”的热学性能的变化</strong>。</section></li><li><section style="margin-bottom: 24px;"><strong>辐射作用对“月壤砖”的影响</strong>。<span style="font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.034em;">因为月球是真空环境，存在大量宇宙辐射，所以“月壤砖”能否经受住宇宙辐射作用，也非常值得验证。</span></section></li></ul><section style="margin-bottom: 24px;"><span style="font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.034em;"></span></section><section style="text-align: center;">https://app-image.maidi.me/video/20241020/1729424724210532_729.mp4<br></section><section style="text-align: center;"><br></section><section style="margin-bottom: 24px;"><span style="font-size: 18px;"><strong><span style="font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.034em; color: rgb(0, 122, 170);">“月壤砖”如何炼成的？</span></strong></span><br></section><p data-source="cke">月球表面复杂的环境对“月壤砖”的性能提出了极高的要求，“月壤砖”是怎么炼成的呢？<span style="font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.034em;">周诚介绍，</span><span style="font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.578px;">“月壤砖”</span><span style="font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.034em;">采用</span><strong style="font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.034em;">真空热压烧结</strong><span style="font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.034em;">的方式成型，整个过程大概分为三个步骤。</span></p><p data-source="cke"><span style="font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.034em;"><br></span></p><ul class="list-paddingleft-1" style="list-style-type: square;"><li><section style="margin-bottom: 24px;">第一步，先把模拟月壤进行称重，按照重量放入模具，因月壤非常松散，所以需要在模具容器里进行压制。</section></li></ul><p><span class="wxart_image" wx-style="display:inline-block;font-family: var(--base-font-family);width: 100%;height: auto;object-fit: fill;display: block;"></span></p><p><span class="wxart_image" wx-style="display:inline-block;font-family: var(--base-font-family);width: 100%;height: auto;object-fit: fill;display: block;"><br></span></p><ul class="list-paddingleft-1" style="list-style-type: square;"><li><section style="margin-bottom: 24px;">压力施加完毕后，工程师会把压制成型的、带有模拟月壤的模具放到真空热压炉中，加上隔热设施，将<span style="font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.034em;">它升温烧结。</span></section></li></ul><p><span class="wxart_image" wx-style="display:inline-block;font-family: var(--base-font-family);width: 100%;height: auto;object-fit: fill;display: block;"></span></p><p><span class="wxart_image" wx-style="display:inline-block;font-family: var(--base-font-family);width: 100%;height: auto;object-fit: fill;display: block;"><br></span></p><ul class="list-paddingleft-1" style="list-style-type: square;"><li><section style="margin-bottom: 24px;">第三步，对<span style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;">“月壤砖”</span>进行<span style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;">高温</span>烧制。</section></li></ul><p data-source="cke"><strong><span style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;"><span class="wxart_image" wx-style="display:inline-block;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-wrap: wrap;width: 578.182px;"></span></span></strong></p><p data-source="cke"><strong><span style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;"><span class="wxart_image" wx-style="display:inline-block;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-wrap: wrap;width: 578.182px;"><br></span></span></strong></p><p data-source="cke"><strong><span style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;">“月壤砖”</span>是以100%原位成型的工艺方法制造的，<span style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;"></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;">整个过程中没有任何其他材料添加物</span></strong>。这也是在未来月球基地建造中的一个非常有潜力的建造方式。</p><p data-source="cke"><br></p><section style="text-align: center;">https://app-image.maidi.me/video/20241020/17294247414461_380.mp4<br></section><section style="text-align: center;"><br></section><section><span style="font-size: 18px;"><strong><span style="font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.034em; color: rgb(0, 122, 170);">科研人员：</span></strong></span><strong style="font-size: 18px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.034em; color: rgb(0, 122, 170);">将来建设月球科研站时</span></strong></section><p style="margin-bottom: 16px;"><strong style="font-size: 18px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.034em; color: rgb(0, 122, 170);">或可在月球上就地取材</span></strong></p><p data-source="cke">在介绍“月壤砖”制作流程时，科研人员提到一个词——<strong>原位成型工艺方法。</strong>也就是说，将来建设月球科研站时，<strong>可以在月球上就地取材，直接利用月壤、太阳能、矿产等月面原位资源来盖房子</strong>，无须再从地球上运输预制建筑构件。</p><p data-source="cke"><br></p><p data-source="cke">这样能极大降低月面建造的成本。这些模拟“月壤砖”在太空暴露实验后，<span style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;">将</span>为未来在月建设积累科研数据，从而优化实际方案。</p><p data-source="cke"><br></p><p><span class="wxart_image" wx-style="display:inline-block;font-family: var(--base-font-family);width: 100%;height: auto;object-fit: fill;display: block;"></span></p><p><span class="wxart_image" wx-style="display:inline-block;font-family: var(--base-font-family);width: 100%;height: auto;object-fit: fill;display: block;"><br></span></p><p data-source="cke">周诚表示，模拟月壤烧结的样品一共分为三块样品板，“实际上我们设计的整个暴露时间是三年，每隔一年会下行一块样品板，带着在空间站暴露之后的样品返回地球，再做相关实验。”</p><p data-source="cke"><br></p><p data-source="cke">为了充分利用太空实测的珍贵机会，研究团队将带到中国空间站的“月壤砖”设计为<strong>柱状和片状</strong>两种形态：</p><p data-source="cke"><br></p><ul data-source="cke" class="list-paddingleft-1"><li><section style="margin-bottom: 24px;">柱状“月壤砖”主要用于力学测试；</section></li><li><section style="margin-bottom: 24px;">暴露面积较大的片状“月壤砖”，则用于热学和辐射效应测试。</section></li></ul><section style="text-align: center;">https://app-image.maidi.me/video/20241020/1729424752778296_163.mp4<br></section><section style="text-align: center;"><br></section><section style="margin-bottom: 16px;">除了形态不同，这些“月壤砖”还使用了<strong>5种不同的模拟月壤成分、3种不同的烧结工艺</strong>，为后续月球基地的建设提供更准确的科研数据。</section><section style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin-bottom: 8px; outline: 0px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: -apple-system, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;font-size: 14px;white-space-collapse: preserve;line-height: 19px;color: rgb(178, 178, 178);font-family: sans-serif;visibility: visible;"><br></span></section><section style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin-bottom: 8px; outline: 0px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: -apple-system, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;font-size: 14px;white-space-collapse: preserve;line-height: 19px;color: rgb(178, 178, 178);font-family: sans-serif;visibility: visible;"><br></span></section><section style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin-bottom: 8px; outline: 0px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: -apple-system, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="color: rgb(178, 178, 178); font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space-collapse: preserve;">来源：</span><span style="color: rgb(178, 178, 178); font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space-collapse: preserve; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; outline: 0px; font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, Arial, sans-serif; visibility: visible;">央视新闻微信公众号</span><br></section><p style="display: none;"><mp-style-type data-value="3"></mp-style-type></p></div> 要给嫦娥建宫殿了 广寒宫
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