中华文化里的庐陵印记——吉安会馆
前些年,武汉汉口搞城市建设时,发掘出一批刻有“吉安会馆”的清代铭文砖,并转赠给了吉安市博物馆一些,现在吉安市博物馆展出,这是吉安商人在当地留下的珍贵文化印记。https://app-image.maidi.me/pic/20210913/1631488713752140_683.jpg?watermark/1/image/aHR0cDovL2FwcHBpYy5tYWlkaS5tZS9waWMvMjAyMTAxMjcvb3NzXzE2MTE3NDI4NDY0OTVfNjcyXzMyXzczLnBuZw==/dissolve/50/gravity/SouthEast/dx/20/dy/20
其实吉安早就有句老话: “吉安老表一把伞,走出家门当老板”。位于北京前门外大江胡同里的庐陵会馆和吉州会馆,便很好地验证了这句话。这里不但是明清两代庐陵籍举子进京赶考的暂住地,也是吉安官员、商人几百年来在京活动聚会的重要场所。
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庐陵会馆在大江胡同深处的29号,始建于明代,从保留下来的院子看应该是清代的建筑了。庐陵会馆是一座三进的四合院,近年修缮过,占地面积我估算大概500平左右。会馆大门紧闭,不得入内。门前有一对石墩,是老物件,但风化的比较厉害。从正面看下面小鼓上雕刻的是一对喜鹊,背景是梅花,有喜上眉梢、双喜临门之意。在大门西侧的倒座墙上还有一块砖雕也被原封不动的保留了下来,上面的字迹已经被抠去。据网络资料介绍,新修复的大门上还少了一个细节,原来在大门上刻有一幅门联,上面写的是:恩承凤阙,秀孕螺川。可惜现在都看不见了。
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螺川,即今天吉安城北的螺子山一带,山南小河叫螺湖河,漯湖河是从现高铁新区、兴桥乡方向流来,并最终从山下注入赣江的。螺子山为古代吉安府北向水口的第一山,山下原有螺川驿,徐霞客的游船就曾多次停泊于此。千载悠悠,螺子山下不知迎来送往过多少人,螺川便成为了庐陵游子魂牵梦绕的故土的象征。
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相比庐陵会馆,吉州会馆占地面积要小一些,但位置更好,就直接坐落在前门东街的街边上,和庐陵会馆相隔也不过几百米的距离。吉州会馆里面院子不大,还摆放了一些改建时拆下来的老物件,有寓意“马上封侯”的系马桩和单面工的条石。
如此近的距离,吉安人就建了两个规模不小的会馆,足见当年吉安在京官员和商人的实力了。
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凭借着诚信经营、勤俭刻苦和精明能干,明清至民国吉安诞生了一批以盐商、钱庄巨贾为代表的商帮。诸如周扶九(民国第一位全国首富)、刘居吾、肖政芳、胡元海、刘子盖、徐竹亭等等,不胜枚举。
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据说在江苏扬州、江西吴城、湖南衡阳等许多地方都还留有吉安会馆或庐陵会馆。
你还在哪些地方看到过吉安的会馆呢?请跟帖留言吧。
周扶九 (1831--1920),名鹃鹏,字泽鹏,号凌云,江西吉安庐陵县(吉安县)高塘乡人,近代中国扬州最大盐商、近代中国金融家、上海滩地皮大王、上海滩黄金巨子、近代中国实业家,其资产达5000万两白银,富可敌国,是中华民国初期的中国首富。 应该宣传,提高吉安知名度,增强吉安人的自信心。吉安市、县政府应该筹资拍摄一部电视连续剧,这是宣传吉安,弘扬庐陵文化的一大举措,改变外地人对吉安只停留在井冈山认识上的观念。 在光绪年间和民国初期,江西吉安三代人人士周扶九、肖云浦(肖百万)、刘居吾(刘百万)简称周肖刘,在扬州创办江西会馆和经营盐务及开办银号,撑起了扬州城市的半边天,成为扬州城市发展的顶梁柱。三代吉安盐商发财暴富,时间已超过百年,至今鲜为人知。 自贡盐业世家胡氏家族:胡元海艰苦创业,从经营布店到经营盐业。
胡元海看到盐业利润惊人,从布业中分出一部分资金,与人合伙经营盐业,果然大获其利。
道光30年(1850),胡元海买下贡井大元山寨子岭水田坡地,开凿水火盐井,结果获利丰盛,就把家从自流井迁到了贡井。从此,胡氏家族在此繁衍,成为望族。
在胡元海经营盐业期间,凿成了见龙井、元龙井、临江井、双龙井、知坛井等盐井,拥有瓦斯灶30口,租谷2000担,流动资金白银数万两,一跃成为贡井地区的三大巨富之一。
周扶九 (1831--1920) 名鹃鹏,字泽鹏,号凌云,吉安县人。自幼被带往湖南湘潭周永孚笔墨店当学徒。咸丰三年(1853)被派往广州做庄客,负责广州分店的经营业务。是年太平军已攻克南京,战乱频繁。店主写信给扶九,要他赶紧将放出去的欠账全部收回总店。在收欠款时收一些折价之物和票单,其中25张盐票。交账时,盐票已贬值,店主以盐票为工钱,抵给扶九。后盐票涨价,店主令交盐票。扶九回家寻盐票未获,被开除,依靠摆小摊维持生活。偶然之中其妻找出了盐票,扶九开始出租盐票。此时盐票租利猛涨,数年后,腰缠万贯,开始直接运盐,在扬州开办裕通和盐号。后又兼开钱号。先后开有湘潭裕通源钱号、常德裕孚钱号(后改裕通恒)与裕通和盐号、吉安裕长厚、裕道两家钱号与天益当铺。新开汉口裕厚德、裕茂隆钱号、长沙裕恒益钱号、南昌裕厚昌钱号、裕康盐号、裕厚隆纱号、赣州裕盛隆钱号(后为德康钱号)、七海裕大钱号、捷安轮船公司、德丰米厂、九江裕丰厚钱号等等。扶九将扬州总号裕通和搬迁上海盐师路长春里,改号裕记。资产累计3000多万元之巨,暴富暴衰,前后40年。有子女6人,四子徽阁是河南省捐班候补道,但未到任;五子锡藩做过七品小京官,寓居北京,巴结肃亲王,送礼聚赌,先后耗费百余万元;唯六子黻卿佐理家政,但能力不及其父。辛亥革命后,金融改革,军阀混战,借款捐款,发行库券,周家从此一蹶不振。
longli 发表于 2021-09-13 09:50
应该宣传,提高吉安知名度,增强吉安人的自信心。吉安市、县政府应该筹资拍摄一部电视连续剧,这是宣传吉安,弘扬庐陵文化的一大举措,改变外地人对吉安只停留在井冈山认识上的观念。
确实是https://app.maidi.me/public/emotion/face_068.png吉安市政府不知道有没有鼓励创作这方面的文学影视作品,一部优秀的文艺作品真的能带来很多好处,比如《觉醒年代》带火了北京一批红色旅游景点。 展现庐陵文化 acmilankaka 发表于 2021-9-13 10:31
确实是吉安市政府不知道有没有鼓励创作这方面的文学影视作品,一部优秀的文艺作品真的能带来很多好处,比 ...
《大宅门》和《乔家大院》电视剧已经深入人心了,大家都知道大栅栏和平遥古城了,吉安也应该拍摄一部这样有影响的电视剧,使得大家了解吉安/庐陵,不能总是老区、井冈山 文史兼修{:强:}